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C++ STL Tutorial Set

The C++ STL (Standard Template Library) is a powerful set of container classes, algorithms, and iterators that provide a rich set of functionality for working with data structures and algorithms. In this tutorial, we will cover the basics of the C++ STL and explore some of its most commonly used features.

Syntax

The C++ STL is a collection of classes and functions that can be used to store and manipulate data in a variety of ways. Here's an example of how to declare the STL vector container:

#include <vector>

std::vector<int> myVector;

Example

Here's an example of how to use the C++ STL to store a collection of integers and then sort them using the built-in std::sort function:

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

int main() {
    std::vector<int> myVector = {3, 2, 1, 4, 5};

    // Sort the vector
    std::sort(myVector.begin(), myVector.end());

    // Print the sorted vector
    for (auto i : myVector) {
        std::cout << i << " ";
    }

    return 0;
}

Output

1 2 3 4 5

Explanation

In the above example, we've declared a vector of integers called myVector and assigned it a collection of values. We then use the std::sort function to sort the vector in ascending order using the begin() and end() methods of the vector. Finally, we use a for loop to iterate over the sorted vector and print each value to the console.

Use

The C++ STL provides a wide variety of classes, functions, and iterators that can be used to build efficient and powerful applications. Some of the most commonly used containers include:

  • std::vector: a dynamic array that can grow or shrink as needed.
  • std::list: a doubly-linked list.
  • std::set: a collection of unique values that are sorted in ascending order.
  • std::map: a dictionary that maps unique keys to values.

Some of the most commonly used algorithm functions include:

  • std::sort: sorts a range of elements.
  • std::find: searches for an element in a range.
  • std::count: counts the number of occurrences of an element in a range.
  • std::binary_search: determines if a value exists in a sorted range.

Important Points

  • The C++ STL is a collection of powerful container classes, algorithms, and iterators.
  • Some of the most commonly used containers in the STL include std::vector, std::list, std::set, and std::map.
  • Some of the most commonly used algorithm functions in the STL include std::sort, std::find, std::count, and std::binary_search.
  • The STL provides a rich set of functionality that makes it easy to work with complex data structures and algorithms.

Summary

In summary, the C++ STL provides a powerful set of container classes, algorithms, and iterators that can be used to build efficient and powerful applications. By understanding the basics of the STL, you can better organize your code, improve performance, and build more scalable applications.

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