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Procedure - (Oracle Advanced)

In Oracle, a procedure is a named PL/SQL block that performs a specific task. It can take input arguments and return output values, and can be called from other PL/SQL blocks or SQL statements. Procedures are commonly used to encapsulate reusable code and simplify complex tasks.

Syntax

The syntax for creating a procedure in Oracle is as follows:

CREATE [OR REPLACE] PROCEDURE procedure_name
[(parameter_name [IN | OUT | IN OUT] type [, ...])]
IS
    -- Declaration statements
BEGIN
    -- Execution statements
[EXCEPTION
    -- Exception handling statements]
END;

Here, procedure_name is the name of the procedure, parameter_name is the name of an input or output parameter, and type is the data type of the parameter. The [OR REPLACE] clause is optional and allows you to replace an existing procedure with the same name.

Example

Here is an example of a simple procedure that takes in two integer values and returns their sum:

CREATE PROCEDURE sum_proc(x IN NUMBER, y IN NUMBER, s OUT NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
    s:= x + y;
END;

In this example, sum_proc is the name of the procedure, and x, y, and s are parameters with types NUMBER. The IN keyword indicates that x and y are input parameters, and the OUT keyword indicates that s is an output parameter. The BEGIN and END keywords enclose the body of the procedure, where s is set equal to the sum of x and y.

Output

To call the sum_proc procedure, you can execute the following SQL statement:

DECLARE
    a NUMBER;
BEGIN
    sum_proc(3, 5, a);
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Sum = ' || a);
END;

This will output Sum = 8 to the console.

Explanation

In the above example, we have defined a procedure called sum_proc that takes in two integer values and returns their sum. We then call the sum_proc procedure and pass in the parameters 3 and 5. The result is stored in the variable a, which we then print out to the console using the DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE procedure.

Use

Procedures are a powerful feature of Oracle that allow you to encapsulate complex business logic and simplify tasks. They are often used in database management systems, and can be called from other PL/SQL blocks or SQL statements.

Important Points

  • A procedure is a named PL/SQL block that performs a specific task.
  • Procedures can take input arguments and return output values, and can be called from other PL/SQL blocks or SQL statements.
  • Procedures are used to encapsulate reusable code and simplify complex tasks.

Summary

In summary, procedures are a powerful feature of Oracle that allow you to encapsulate complex business logic and simplify tasks. They are defined using the CREATE PROCEDURE statement and can take input arguments and return output values. Procedures are often used in database management systems to encapsulate reusable code.

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